Design of Steel Structures for Buildings in Seismic Areas

Description

Design of Steel Structures for Buildings in Seismic Areas: Eurocode 8: Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance. Part 1: General Rules, Seismic Action and Rules for Buildings

This volume elucidates the design criteria and principles for steel structures under seismic loads according to Eurocode 8-1. Worked Examples illustrate the application of the design rules. Two case studies serve as best-practice samples.

CONTENTS

Chapter 1 SEISMIC DESIGN PRINCIPLES IN STRUCTURAL CODES 1

• 1.1 Introduction 1
• 1.2 Fundamentals of seismic design 2
• 1.2.1 Capacity design 2
• 1.2.2 Seismic design concepts 6
• 1.3 Codification of seismic design 11
• 1.3.1 Evolution of seismic design codes 11
• 1.3.2 New perspectives and trends in seismic codification 19

Chapter 2 EN 1998-1: GENERAL AND MATERIAL INDEPENDENT PARTS 25

• 2.1 Introduction 25
• 2.2 Performance requirements and compliance criteria 27
• 2.2.1 Fundamental requirements 27
• 2.2.2 Ultimate limit state 32
• 2.2.3 Damage limitation state 34
• 2.2.4 Specific measures 35
• 2.3 Seismic action 36
• 2.3.1 The fundamentals of the dynamic model 36
• 2.3.2 Basic representation of the seismic action 40
• 2.3.3 The seismic action according to EN 1998-1 46
• 2.3.4 Alternative representations of the seismic action 52
• 2.3.5 Design spectrum for elastic analysis 54
• 2.3.6 Combinations of the seismic action with other types of actions 56
• 2.4 Characteristics of earthquake resistant buildings 58
• 2.4.1 Basic principles of conceptual design 58
• 2.4.2 Primary and secondary seismic members 60
• 2.4.3 Criteria for structural regularity 61
• 2.5 Methods of structural seismic analysis 70
• 2.5.1 Introduction 70
• 2.5.2 Lateral force method 72
• 2.5.3 Linear modal response spectrum analysis 75
• 2.5.4 Nonlinear static pushover analysis 84
• 2.5.5 Nonlinear time-history dynamic analysis 90
• 2.6 Structural modelling 94
• 2.6.1 Introduction 94
• 2.6.2 Modelling of masses 96
• 2.6.3 Modelling of damping 98
• 2.6.4 Modelling of structural mechanical properties 101
• 2.7 Accidental torsional effects 107
• 2.7.1 Accidental eccentricity 107
• 2.7.2 Accidental torsional effects in the lateral force method of analysis 109
• 2.7.3 Accidental torsional effects in modal response spectrum analysis 110
• 2.7.4 Accidental torsional effects in nonlinear static pushover analysis 111
• 2.7.5 Accidental torsional effects in linear and nonlinear dynamic time history analysis 114
• 2.8 Combination of effects induced by different components of the seismic action 114
• 2.9 Calculation of structural displacements 117
• 2.10 Second order effects in seismic linear elastic analysis 118
• 2.11 Design verifications 121
• 2.11.1 Safety verifications 121
• 2.11.2 Damage limitation 126

Chapter 3 EN 1998-1: DESIGN PROVISIONS FOR STEEL STRUCTURES 129

• 3.1 Design concepts for steel buildings 129
• 3.2 Requirements for steel mechanical properties 133
• 3.2.1 Strength and ductility 133
• 3.2.2 Toughness 135
• 3.3 Structural typologies and behaviour factors 137
• 3.3.1 Structural types 137
• 3.3.2 Behaviour factors 141
• 3.4 Design criteria and detailing rules for dissipative structural behaviour common to all structural types 145
• 3.4.1 Introduction 145
• 3.4.2 Design rules for cross sections in dissipative members 145
• 3.4.3 Design rules for non-dissipative connections 147
• 3.4.4 Design rules and requirements for dissipative connections 148
• 3.4.5 Design rules and requirements for non-dissipative members 148
• 3.5 Design criteria and detailing rules for moment resisting frames 149
• 3.5.1 Code requirements for beams 149
• 3.5.2 Code requirements for columns 152
• 3.5.3 Code requirements for beam-to-column joints 153
• 3.6 Design criteria and detailing rules for concentrically braced frames 158
• 3.6.1 Code requirements for braces 158
• 3.6.2 Code requirements for beams and columns 162
• 3.7 Design criteria and detailing rules for eccentrically braced frames 164
• 3.7.1 Code requirements for seismic links 164
• 3.7.2 Code requirements for members not containing seismic links 171
• 3.7.3 Code requirements for connections of the seismic links 172

Chapter 4 DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DUCTILE DETAILS 173

• 4.1 Introduction 173
• 4.2 Seismic design and detailing of composite steel-concrete slabs 174
• 4.3 Ductile details for moment resisting frames 182
• 4.3.1 Detailing of beams 182
• 4.3.2 Detailing of beam-to-column joints 186
• 4.3.3 Detailing of column bases 210
• 4.4 Ductile details for concentrically braced frames 215
• 4.4.1 Introduction 215
• 4.4.2 Detailing of brace-to-beam/column joints 216
• 4.4.3 Detailing of brace-to-beam midspan connections 228
• 4.4.4 Detailing of brace-to-brace connections 230
• 4.4.5 Detailing of brace-to-column base connections 235
• 4.4.6 Optimal slope, constructional tolerances and local details for braces 236
• 4.5 Ductile details for eccentrically braced frames 239
• 4.5.1 Detailing of links 239
• 4.5.2 Detailing of link lateral torsional restraints 241
• 4.5.3 Detailing of diagonal brace-to-link connections 244
• 4.5.4 Detailing of link-to-column connections 245

Chapter 5 DESIGN ASSISTED BY TESTING 247

• 5.1 Introduction 247
• 5.2 Design assisted by testing according to EN 1990 248
• 5.2.1 Introduction 248
• 5.2.2 General overview of EN 1990 250
• 5.2.3 Testing 252
• 5.2.4 Derivation of design values 254
• 5.3 Testing of seismic components and devices 262
• 5.3.1 Introduction 262
• 5.3.2 Quasi-static monotonic and cyclic testing 262
• 5.3.3 Pseudo-dynamic testing 275
• 5.3.4 Dynamic testing 277
• 5.4 Application: experimental qualification of buckling restrained braces 278
• 5.4.1 Introduction and scope 278
• 5.4.2 Test specifications 279
• 5.4.3 Test specimens 280
• 5.4.4 Test setup and loading protocol for ITT 280
• 5.4.5 Results 281
• 5.4.6 Fabrication Production Control tests 283

Chapter 6 MULTI-STOREY BUILDING WITH MOMENT RESISTING FRAMES 285

• 6.1 Building description and design assumptions 285
• 6.1.1 Building description 285
• 6.1.2 Normative references 287
• 6.1.3 Materials 288
• 6.1.4 Actions 289
• 6.1.5 Pre-design 292
• 6.2 Structural analysis and calculation models 293
• 6.2.1 General features 293
• 6.2.2 Modelling assumptions 296
• 6.2.3 Numerical models and method of analysis 297
• 6.2.4 Imperfections for global analysis of frames 301
• 6.2.5 Frame stability and second order effects 303
• 6.3 Design and verification of structural members 304
• 6.3.1 Design and verification of beams 304
• 6.3.2 Design and verification of columns 310
• 6.3.3 Panel zone of beam-to-column joints 316
• 6.4 Damage limitation 319
• 6.5 Pushover analysis and assessment of seismic performance 320
• 6.5.1 Introduction 320
• 6.5.2 Modelling assumptions 321
• 6.5.3 Pushover analysis 328
• 6.5.4 Transformation to an equivalent SDOF system 331
• 6.5.5 Evaluation of the seismic demand 333
• 6.5.6 Evaluation of the structural performance 334

Chapter 7 MULTI-STOREY BUILDING WITH CONCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES 335

• 7.1 Building description and design assumptions 335
• 7.1.1 Building description 335
• 7.1.2 Normative references 337
• 7.1.3 Materials 337
• 7.1.4 Actions 338
• 7.1.5 Pre-design 340
• 7.2 Structural analysis and calculation models 342
• 7.2.1 General features 342
• 7.2.2 Modelling assumptions 342
• 7.2.3 Numerical models and method of analysis 344
• 7.2.4 Imperfections for global analysis of frames 348
• 7.2.5 Frame stability and second order effects 349
• 7.3 Design and verification of structural members 350
• 7.3.1 Design and verification of X-CBFs 350
• 7.3.2 Design and verification of inverted V-CBFs 357
• 7.4 Damage limitation 365

Chapter 8 MULTI-STOREY BUILDING WITH ECCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES 369

• 8.1 Building description and design assumptions 369
• 8.1.1 Building description 369
• 8.1.2 Normative references 371
• 8.1.3 Materials 371
• 8.1.4 Actions 372
• 8.2 Structural analysis and calculation models 374
• 8.2.1 General features 374
• 8.2.2 Modelling assumptions 375
• 8.2.3 Numerical models and method of analysis 376
• 8.2.4 Imperfections for global analysis of frames 380
• 8.2.5 Frame stability and second order effects 380
• 8.3 Design and verification of structural members 381
• 8.3.1 Design and verification of shear links 381
• 8.3.2 Design and verification of beam segments outside the link 384
• 8.3.3 Design and verification of braces 384
• 8.3.4 Design and verification of columns 385
• 8.4 Damage limitation 388

Chapter 9 CASE STUDIES 391

• 9.1 Introduction 391
• 9.2 The Bucharest Tower Centre International 393
• 9.2.1 General description 393
• 9.2.2 Design considerations 397
• 9.2.3 Detailing 421
• 9.2.4 Construction 422
• 9.3 Single storey Industrial Warehouse in Bucharest 432
• 9.3.1 General description 432
• 9.3.2 Design considerations 435
• 9.4 The Fire Station of Naples 449
• 9.4.1 General description 449
• 9.4.2 Design considerations and constructional details 456
• 9.4.3 The anti-seismic devices 467
• REFERENCES 475

510 pges, 200 black & white illustrations / 17 x 24 cm / English